Problematic internet use: Causes, consequences, and future directions

Problematic internet use (PIU) has been a topic of discussion in the popular and academic literature for over a decade. There are a variety of causes and consequences associated with PIU among adolescents. In this chapter, we explore the benefits and risks of digital technology use, describe behavioral addictions, and explain the classification and measurement of PIU. Next, we discuss the prevalence of PIU among adolescents and the demographic, biological and genetic, behavioral, psychological, and social correlates of PIU, as well as the physical, behavioral, psychological, social, and academic outcomes of PIU. We conclude the chapter by describing our recommendations for research and practice. The chapter draws on multidisciplinary cross-sectional and longitudinal research in psychology, social work, sociology, media studies, pediatrics, and computer science.