Conceptualisations of empathy in K-12 teaching: a review of empirical research

The discourse on ideal teachers and teaching has recognised the importance of empathy. Despite the popularity of the concept in educational training and practice, research knowledge remains limited and fragmented. This paper aims to analyze the empirical research on empathy in K-12 teaching. The search for empirical studies yielded 28 articles, which were grouped according to four conceptualisations: empathy as a trait, empathy as a state, empathy as communication, and empathy as a relationship.