A rejected people

A historical essay on Jewish-Christian relations in Europe during the Middle Ages. Judaism and Christianity were forced to part ways at an early stage. There were Christian anti-Jewish polemics and Church actions (on the part of both the Roman Church and the Byzantine Church) during the 5th-11th centuries, but the Jews were not severely attacked or persecuted en masse. The First Crusade triggered a sharp deterioration in Jewish-Christian relations, involving hatred and massacres In the 12th-13th centuries, Subsequently, Christian Europe began to marginalize and to persecute the Jews, with blood libels, religious disputations, expulsions, anti-Jewish literature, etc. The Reformation did not cause an improvement in the situation of the Jews.