Evaporation from Lake Kinneret, Israel, during hot summer days

Elad Shilo; Baruch Ziv; Eylon Shamir; Alon Rimmer

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.06.042

Evaporation from Lake Kinneret, Israel, during hot summer days

Elad Shilo, Baruch Ziv, Eylon Shamir, Alon Rimmer

Earth Sciences discipline

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

The relationships between the evaporation from a medium size (168.7km²) Lake Kinneret (Northern Israel), and its governing synoptic factors are well demonstrated during the summer of 2010. During July-August the daily temperature of the air and water surface were 2-4°C higher, the daily wind over the lake was 80% weaker, and the evaporation from the lake was 5% lower than the long-term July-August mean. In this study, we explore the impact of the regional and local synoptic-scale atmospheric conditions on the evaporation from the lake during exceptionally hot days in the mid-summer months (July-August). The factors that were found to be correlated with the lake evaporation are the temperatures at 850hPa (negative) and 500hPa (positive), the sea level pressure difference between Northern Egypt and Armenia (positive), and the height of the marine inversion (positive). Synoptic analysis indicates that two conditions are responsible for the reduction of the Mediterranean Sea Breeze (MSB) during exceptionally hot days, and consequently to the reduction of evaporation from the lake. First, the weakening of the permanent synoptic Etesian winds, which otherwise supports the inland penetration of the MSB; and second, the descent of the marine inversion to a height below the topographic ridge of the Galilee Mountains upwind of the study area, which blocks the Marine Sea Breeze from reaching Lake Kinneret.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	264-275
Number of pages	12
Journal	Journal of Hydrology
Volume	528
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.06.042
State	Published - 1 Sep 2015

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
We thank Yuri Lechinsky and Miki Shlichter from KLL-IOLR for the buildup and the continuous maintenance of the Lake Kinneret Meteorological stations and database. The near-surface meteorological data for this paper are available from this database ( miki@ocean.org.il ), which is supported by continuous funding from the Israeli Water Authority. We thank Ari Posner from the Hydrologic Research Center, San Diego for his constructive comments. Upper air data was received from the database of the Israeli Meteorological Service (IMS) at Bet-Dagan, Israel ( ims@ims.gov.il ). The sea level pressure (SLP) data at the neighboring region were extracted from the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis archive ( http://esrl.noaa.gov/psd ). Figs. 4 and 5 were derived through the NOAA site for daily composite maps http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/composites/day/ . This research was supported by a grant from the Israeli Science Foundation (Grant # 597/13 ).

Keywords

Atmospheric stability
Lake evaporation
Latent heat flux
Mediterranean Sea Breeze, Lake Kinneret
Synoptic variables

Access to Document

10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.06.042

Cite this

@article{ec120a6c612f473b9a296571d31fda7c,

title = "Evaporation from Lake Kinneret, Israel, during hot summer days",

abstract = "The relationships between the evaporation from a medium size (168.7km2) Lake Kinneret (Northern Israel), and its governing synoptic factors are well demonstrated during the summer of 2010. During July-August the daily temperature of the air and water surface were 2-4°C higher, the daily wind over the lake was 80% weaker, and the evaporation from the lake was 5% lower than the long-term July-August mean. In this study, we explore the impact of the regional and local synoptic-scale atmospheric conditions on the evaporation from the lake during exceptionally hot days in the mid-summer months (July-August). The factors that were found to be correlated with the lake evaporation are the temperatures at 850hPa (negative) and 500hPa (positive), the sea level pressure difference between Northern Egypt and Armenia (positive), and the height of the marine inversion (positive). Synoptic analysis indicates that two conditions are responsible for the reduction of the Mediterranean Sea Breeze (MSB) during exceptionally hot days, and consequently to the reduction of evaporation from the lake. First, the weakening of the permanent synoptic Etesian winds, which otherwise supports the inland penetration of the MSB; and second, the descent of the marine inversion to a height below the topographic ridge of the Galilee Mountains upwind of the study area, which blocks the Marine Sea Breeze from reaching Lake Kinneret.",

keywords = "Atmospheric stability, Lake evaporation, Latent heat flux, Mediterranean Sea Breeze, Lake Kinneret, Synoptic variables",

author = "Elad Shilo and Baruch Ziv and Eylon Shamir and Alon Rimmer",

year = "2015",

month = sep,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.06.042",

language = "אנגלית",

volume = "528",

pages = "264--275",

journal = "Journal of Hydrology",

issn = "0022-1694",

publisher = "Elsevier",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Evaporation from Lake Kinneret, Israel, during hot summer days

AU - Shilo, Elad

AU - Ziv, Baruch

AU - Shamir, Eylon

AU - Rimmer, Alon

PY - 2015/9/1

Y1 - 2015/9/1

N2 - The relationships between the evaporation from a medium size (168.7km2) Lake Kinneret (Northern Israel), and its governing synoptic factors are well demonstrated during the summer of 2010. During July-August the daily temperature of the air and water surface were 2-4°C higher, the daily wind over the lake was 80% weaker, and the evaporation from the lake was 5% lower than the long-term July-August mean. In this study, we explore the impact of the regional and local synoptic-scale atmospheric conditions on the evaporation from the lake during exceptionally hot days in the mid-summer months (July-August). The factors that were found to be correlated with the lake evaporation are the temperatures at 850hPa (negative) and 500hPa (positive), the sea level pressure difference between Northern Egypt and Armenia (positive), and the height of the marine inversion (positive). Synoptic analysis indicates that two conditions are responsible for the reduction of the Mediterranean Sea Breeze (MSB) during exceptionally hot days, and consequently to the reduction of evaporation from the lake. First, the weakening of the permanent synoptic Etesian winds, which otherwise supports the inland penetration of the MSB; and second, the descent of the marine inversion to a height below the topographic ridge of the Galilee Mountains upwind of the study area, which blocks the Marine Sea Breeze from reaching Lake Kinneret.

AB - The relationships between the evaporation from a medium size (168.7km2) Lake Kinneret (Northern Israel), and its governing synoptic factors are well demonstrated during the summer of 2010. During July-August the daily temperature of the air and water surface were 2-4°C higher, the daily wind over the lake was 80% weaker, and the evaporation from the lake was 5% lower than the long-term July-August mean. In this study, we explore the impact of the regional and local synoptic-scale atmospheric conditions on the evaporation from the lake during exceptionally hot days in the mid-summer months (July-August). The factors that were found to be correlated with the lake evaporation are the temperatures at 850hPa (negative) and 500hPa (positive), the sea level pressure difference between Northern Egypt and Armenia (positive), and the height of the marine inversion (positive). Synoptic analysis indicates that two conditions are responsible for the reduction of the Mediterranean Sea Breeze (MSB) during exceptionally hot days, and consequently to the reduction of evaporation from the lake. First, the weakening of the permanent synoptic Etesian winds, which otherwise supports the inland penetration of the MSB; and second, the descent of the marine inversion to a height below the topographic ridge of the Galilee Mountains upwind of the study area, which blocks the Marine Sea Breeze from reaching Lake Kinneret.

KW - Atmospheric stability

KW - Lake evaporation

KW - Latent heat flux

KW - Mediterranean Sea Breeze, Lake Kinneret

KW - Synoptic variables

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84936817761&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.06.042

DO - 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.06.042

M3 - ???researchoutput.researchoutputtypes.contributiontojournal.article???

AN - SCOPUS:84936817761

SN - 0022-1694

VL - 528

SP - 264

EP - 275

JO - Journal of Hydrology

JF - Journal of Hydrology

ER -

Evaporation from Lake Kinneret, Israel, during hot summer days

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this