Three-dimensional oscillatory piecewise continuous-kernel function method. I - Basic problems. II - Geometrically continuous wings. III - Wings with geometrical discontinuities

The piecewise continuous-kernel function method is applied to wings with geometrical discontinuities. These discontinuities include leading-edge extension, leading-edge and trailing-edge control surface rotations, and gaps of various sizes around the trailing-edge control surface. In all cases, the results obtained are compared with those obtained by the vortex- or doublet-lattice methods. These results indicate the effectiveness of the present method and the inability of the lattice methods to produce results with reasonable accuracy for leading- or trailing-edge control surfaces when gaps exist about them.