TY - JOUR
T1 - Orienting versus inhibition in the Concealed Information Test
T2 - Different cognitive processes drive different physiological measures
AU - klein Selle, Nathalie
AU - Verschuere, Bruno
AU - Kindt, Merel
AU - Meijer, Ewout
AU - Ben-Shakhar, Gershon
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Society for Psychophysiological Research.
PY - 2016/4/1
Y1 - 2016/4/1
N2 - The Concealed Information Test (CIT) provides a valid tool for psychophysiological detection of concealed knowledge. However, its precise theoretical underpinnings remain a matter of debate. The differential physiological responses elicited by concealed, relevant items, relative to control items, were traditionally explained as reflecting an orienting response (OR). According to an alternative account, these responses reflect attempts to inhibit arousal. The present study examined whether and to what extent CIT detection efficiency is affected by instructions aimed at manipulating arousal inhibition (AI). One hundred and forty-eight undergraduate students completed a CIT, while electrodermal, cardiac, and respiratory measures were recorded. Half of the participants were requested to imagine that they are suspected of committing a crime and were motivated to avoid detection (presumably eliciting both OR and AI), while the other half were requested to imagine that they are witnesses of a crime and were motivated to be detected (presumably eliciting OR only). All participants were further requested to remain silent throughout the test. In both conditions, concealed items led to a similar increase in skin conductance as compared to the control items. However, the typically observed heart rate deceleration and respiratory suppression were found in suspects, but not in witnesses. These data imply that different mechanisms drive the responding of different psychophysiological measures used in the CIT, with skin conductance reflecting OR, and heart rate and respiration primarily reflecting AI.
AB - The Concealed Information Test (CIT) provides a valid tool for psychophysiological detection of concealed knowledge. However, its precise theoretical underpinnings remain a matter of debate. The differential physiological responses elicited by concealed, relevant items, relative to control items, were traditionally explained as reflecting an orienting response (OR). According to an alternative account, these responses reflect attempts to inhibit arousal. The present study examined whether and to what extent CIT detection efficiency is affected by instructions aimed at manipulating arousal inhibition (AI). One hundred and forty-eight undergraduate students completed a CIT, while electrodermal, cardiac, and respiratory measures were recorded. Half of the participants were requested to imagine that they are suspected of committing a crime and were motivated to avoid detection (presumably eliciting both OR and AI), while the other half were requested to imagine that they are witnesses of a crime and were motivated to be detected (presumably eliciting OR only). All participants were further requested to remain silent throughout the test. In both conditions, concealed items led to a similar increase in skin conductance as compared to the control items. However, the typically observed heart rate deceleration and respiratory suppression were found in suspects, but not in witnesses. These data imply that different mechanisms drive the responding of different psychophysiological measures used in the CIT, with skin conductance reflecting OR, and heart rate and respiration primarily reflecting AI.
KW - Arousal inhibition (AI)
KW - Concealed Information Test (CIT)
KW - Heart rate (HR)
KW - Orienting response (OR)
KW - Respiration line length (RLL)
KW - Skin conductance response (SCR)
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84961216648&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1111/psyp.12583
DO - 10.1111/psyp.12583
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C2 - 26615984
AN - SCOPUS:84961216648
SN - 0048-5772
VL - 53
SP - 579
EP - 590
JO - Psychophysiology
JF - Psychophysiology
IS - 4
ER -