Les sionismes au 20^e siècle, entre contextes et contingences

Despite being a product of the 19^th and 20^th century, Zionism is frequently either distinguished or decried as existing out of History. Born in the context of emancipation, national revival and anti-Semitism, its subsequent development took the form of the State of Israel and was shaped by key events of the 20^th century: the First and Second World Wars, decolonization and the collapse of the Soviet Union. After dealing with the relevance of the analogy between Zionism and colonialism, the paper also demonstrates how Zionism as a revolutionary project for the Jewish People, unlike several other revolutionary projects of the same period, managed to avoid the totalitarian temptation.