Evidence and the openness of knowledge

Assaf Sharon, Levi Spectre

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ملخص

The paper argues that knowledge is not closed under logical inference. The argument proceeds from the openness of evidential support and the dependence of empirical knowledge on evidence, to the conclusion that knowledge is open. Without attempting to provide a full-fledged theory of evidence, we show that on the modest assumption that evidence cannot support both a proposition and its negation, or, alternatively, that information that reduces the probability of a proposition cannot constitute evidence for its truth, the relation of evidential support is not closed under known entailment. Therefore the evidence-for relation is deductively open regardless of whether evidence is probabilistic or not. Given even a weak dependence of empirical knowledge on evidence, we argue that empirical knowledge is also open. On this basis, we also respond to the strongest argument in support of knowledge closure (Hawthorne 2004a). Finally, we present a number of significant benefits of our position, namely, offering a unified explanation for a range of epistemological puzzles.

اللغة الأصليةالإنجليزيّة
الصفحات (من إلى)1001-1037
عدد الصفحات37
دوريةPhilosophical Studies
مستوى الصوت174
رقم الإصدار4
المعرِّفات الرقمية للأشياء
حالة النشرنُشِر - 1 أبريل 2017

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Publisher Copyright:
© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.

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